The Bowen Basin is a large triangular synclinal structure 350 miles long, occupying an area of about 20,000 square miles in eastern Queensland (Text-fig. 1). It is composed of Permian and Triassic sediments and volcanics resting unconformably on Upper Carboniferous or older rocks. To the southeast and southwest, the sediments dip under the Mesozoic strata of the Great Artesian Basin. Permian Polyzoa of the Bowen Basin belong to over 30 species and 16 genera of the Orders Cyclostomata, Trepostomata, and Cryptostomata. Four species, Fenestella bowenensis, F. springsurensis, Fenestella sp. nov., and Saffordotaxis multinodata, are regarded as being new. Twelve of the genera have been recorded previously from the Permian of Western Australia, and most of them are not known from the Permian of New South Wales and Tasmania. Thus a short-lived marine connexion with Western Australia is envisaged in the northern part of the continent.